Reasons for the existence of a large number of carbon compounds. Tetravalency of carbon carbon atom electron 2, 4 tetra covalency of carbon carbon atom can form four single covalent bonds e. Carbon is a common constituent of all organic compounds. A carbon atom completes its octet only by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms. These videos are prepared by starlight edutech an education compa. Students require ncert solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 carbon and its compounds for better cbse board preparation. Science class 10 notes for carbon and its compounds. In general iva group elements like carbon and silicon can form four stable bonds. Carbon forms large number of compounds due to catenation and tetravalency. It is a unique property of carbon as it forms very strong covalent bonds which makes carbon compounds exceptionally stable in nature. As in all its compounds and its elemental forms, carbon is. It occurs most readily in carbon, which forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms to form longer chains and structures. Let us now study the properties of some carbon compounds.
All the carbon compounds which contain just carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Due to the catenation property, carbon forms a large number of compounds. The bonds formed by the s orbital electrons will not be the same as that of p orbital electrons. Carbon and its compounds class 10 science extra questions. A carbon atom has four electrons in its outermost valence shell. The main reasons for the huge number of organic compounds. The combining capacity, or affinity of an atom of a given element is determined by the number of hydrogen atoms that it combines with. Carbon burns in air or oxygen to give carbon dioxide and heat and light.
Details of these properties can be found in any standard inorganic textbook. This unique property of forming long chains is known as catenation allotrops of carbon carbon show three allotropic forms. Mar 02, 2018 a carbon forms large number of compounds since carbon is small in size and can form stable covalent bonds catenation and it shows tetravalency. Knowing these rules and given a structural formula, one should be. Tetravalency in carbon carbon and its compounds cbse grade.
The two characteristic features seen in carbon, that is, tetravalency and catenation, put. Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 carbon and its compounds pdf download. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other. Many have the same non carbon atom or group of atoms attached to different carbon chains. Carbon and its compounds class 10 notes chapter 4 science. This is known as tetravalency of carbon,tetra means four. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent elements.
Carbon and its compounds class 10 extra questions with. The ground state electronic configuration of carbon is 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 2. Ch methane 4 p6 n6 h h h h or h h c c carbon can form long chains of carbon atoms. Catenation carbon atom can form bond with other carbon atoms, they can for long chains of c atoms. As a result, a carbon atom forms four covalent bonds by sharing valence electrons with other atoms. Write the name and formula of 2nd member of the series of carbon compounds whose general. The ability of carbon to form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms is called catenation. It is the ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon. For exhibiting tetravalency, carbon atoms have to be excited.
As a result, a carbon atom forms four covalent bonds. Carbon forms a large number of compounds because of its tetravalent nature. The hybridisation of carbon plays a vital role in deciding the type of reactions that occurs amongst organic molecules. Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 vidyakul. Four elements, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, are the major components of most organic compounds. Carbon and its compounds carbon, a nonmetal with atomic number 6 and mass number 12, occurs in free as well as in combinedform. Properties of carbon responsible for huge number of organic compounds. Valency of carbon tetravalency hybridization, catenation with. Carbon can form single, double and triple covalent bonds. To register science tuitions on to clear your doubts.
So, carbon needs four electrons to attain noble gas configuration. It is more than the number of compounds formed by all other elements. Carbon and its compounds notes for cbse class 10 chemistry. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element. Kseeb solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 carbon and. The two characteristic features are seen in carbon, that is, tetravalency and catenation, put together give rise to a large number of compounds. Watch learning videos, swipe through stories, and browse through concepts. Carbon and its compounds unique nature of carbon atoms. Electronic theory of valency and its application to organic chemistry, tetravalency of carbon, hybridization, shapes. Carbon forms a large number of compounds because of its. Mar 01, 2021 why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications. The capacity of an atom to form four stable bonds around it is called tetravalency. In this chapter, you will learn carbon is a versatile element that forms the basis for all living organisms and many of the things we use. So with 4 valence shell electrons it is expected to form 4 bonds.
The main reasons for the huge number of organic compounds are. The tetravalency of carbon gives a possibility of large number of compounds. Aug 09, 2016 august 9, 2016 general chemistry, organic chemistry bonding, carbon, carbon valency, hybridisation, orbitals, tetravalency kc the electronic configuration of carbon atom is. Oct 27, 2020 these compounds may have long chains of carbon, branched chains of carbon or even carbon atoms arranged in rings. There are two half filled orbitals, so it is expected that carbon would form two covalent bond, i. Carbon and its compounds give a large amount of heat per unit weight and are therefore, used as fuels for most applications. Tetravalency of carbon can be explained by promoting one of the 2 2 s electrons to the unoccupied 1 2 z p atomic orbital. Carbon atom like atoms of other nonmetals like oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and chlorine shares electrons. Oct 06, 2020 this characteristic of the carbon atom, by virtue of which it forms four covalent bonds, is called the tetravalency of carbon. Tetravalency carbon and its compoundsscienceclass10.
Anomalous behaviour of carbon, tetravalency, catenation, size. Tetravalency of carbon carbon at ground state and carbon in. Nov 10, 2018 huge number of carbon compounds 25 the two characteristics seen in carbon which helps to form large number of compounds is a tetravalency b catenation. Due to this property carbon can form long straight, branched and cyclic chains. Cbse class 10 chemistry carbon and its compounds notes. Compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent. The complete combustion of carbon compounds in the air gives carbon dioxide water, heat and light. Compounds of carbon are formed with oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, chlorine and many other. Tetravalency of carbon carbon at ground state and carbon. Maximum number of bonds definition edit frankland took the view that the valence he used the term atomicity of an element was a single value that corresponded to the maximum value observed. Notes for carbon and its compounds class 10 have been prepared by our experienced teachers as per the latest ncert syllabus and available on our official website and app to download in pdf format for free. Chlorine, as it has a valence of one, can be substituted for hydrogen.
Because of the diversity in organic compounds they range from acetone in nail polish remover and ethyl alcohol in whisky to complex macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids which are in. Its amount in the earths crust and in the atmosphere is quite meagre. Valency of carbon tetravalency hybridization, catenation. There is a large number of carbon compounds due to. Some times other group elements also shows tetravalency. Carbon and its compounds class 10 notes science chapter 4. Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry dealing with organic compounds. The building block of structural organic chemistry is the tetravalent carbon atom. This is known as tetravalency of carbon tetra means four. Carbon burns in air or oxygen to give carbon dioxide.
Remove a five, names organic compounds examples of carbon atoms that is this series on fire without saving your choices will also. Always tetravalent and often tetrahedral chemistry. Carbon and its compounds class 10 notes free pdf download. Rbse class 10 science notes chapter 8 carbon and its compounds. Tetravalency of carbon carbon and its compounds class 10. The compounds which contain straight chain of carbon atoms e. Name any one molecule and one compound which has a triple bond. Organic compounds in which carbon atoms are bonded together with a single bond and then use the hydrogen atoms to satisfy the remaining valencies of carbon, are known as. The iupac nomenclature system is a set of logical rules devised and used by organic chemists to circumvent problems caused by arbitrary nomenclature. The properties of carbon which are responsible for such large number of compounds are. Carbon forms a large number of compounds because it. Tetravalency of carbon read user generated content ck12. Compounds of carbon are formed with oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, etc.
Question 10 explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap. Carbon shows some unique properties like tetravalency and catenation. Carbon can either donate all 4 electrons to another atom and become stable or it can accept 4 electron and become stable. According to the ground state electronic configuration of carbon, it is divalent. The atomic number of carbon is 6 and its electronic configuration is 2, 4. It can also form chains, branched chains, and rings when connected to other carbon atoms. The element carbon and why its essential to life as we know it. Thus carbon shows tetra valency in all hydrocarbons. Because its atomic number is 6 and thus it has 4 electrons in its valence shell. Special notes on general organic chemistry carbon is an essential element of organic compounds.
The number of carbon compounds is more than three million. So, one carbon atom can bond with four other atoms or form four bond. Aug 28, 2020 in this page, we are providing carbon and its compounds class 10 extra questions and answers science chapter 4 pdf download. As a result, a carbon atom forms four covalent bonds by sharing valence electrons with other. Property of catenation or forming long chains with itself. Hence, carbon compounds are also called organic compounds. Kseeb solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 carbon and its. Carbon and its compounds in brief carbon is a versatile nonmetal. The branch of organic chemistry deals with the compounds of carbon. The two features of carbon that give rise to a large number of compounds are as follows. Carbon shares its four valence electrons with other atoms and forms four single covalent bonds to get nearest noble gas formation. The smaller size of carbon atom enables nucles nucleus to hold the shared pair of electrons strongly, thus carbon compounds are very stable in general.
So, it needs four more electrons to complete its octet. Download iupac names of organic compounds examples pdf. These four electrons are available to the carbon atom to form bonds with other atoms. Worksheet carbon does not form c4 iongive reason in support of the statement. Learn tetravalency of carbon topic of chemistry in details explained by. Hydrocarbon and its classification hydrocarbon compounds which are made up of carbon and hydrogen are called. The simplest such compound is methane ch4, a major component of natural gas. Tetravalency of carbon carbon and its compounds class. So, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element.
For example, in dichloromethane, ch 2 cl 2, carbon has valence 4 but oxidation state 0. Tetravalency in carbon carbon and its compounds cbse. It has 4 valence electrons, so the probability of formation of four bonds is maximum. Earlier it was thought carbon compounds can be extracted from organisms only. As a result, carbon atom forms four covalent bonds by sharing valence electrons with other atoms. Organic chemistry is mainly the chemistry of carbon, which is just one. These four valences of carbon are directed towards four corners of a tetrahedron, and inclined to each other atomic an angle of a 109 28. Carbon is tetravalent in nature and forms the single, double and triple covalent bonds to combine with elements hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine to form various types of compounds the tetra covalency of carbon atom allows it to combine easily with other carbon atoms to form a stable chain like. Chemistry basics part 2 i tetravalency of carbon i hybridization of. Tetravalence of carbon ground state electronic configuration of carbon is 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 2. With the valency of four, carbon is capable of bonding with four other atoms. The valency of carbon is four and one atom of carbon can make four covalent bonds.
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